Climate Change in India: A Growing Crisis Demanding Urgent Action
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| Image: Climate change in India |
India, one of the most vulnerable nations to climate change, is witnessing the devastating impact of rising temperatures, erratic weather patterns, and extreme climatic events. From unseasonal rains to intensifying heatwaves, the country is grappling with environmental shifts that threaten livelihoods, food security, and biodiversity.
Over the past decade, India has recorded a significant rise in average temperatures. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has reported increasing instances of prolonged heatwaves, particularly in northern and central regions. In 2023, parts of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi experienced record-breaking temperatures exceeding 45°C, leading to heat-related illnesses and fatalities.
The Indian monsoon, a crucial lifeline for agriculture and water resources, has become highly unpredictable. The country has witnessed instances of both deficient rainfall leading to droughts and excessive downpours causing devastating floods. In 2023, heavy rainfall triggered catastrophic floods in Himachal Pradesh and Assam, displacing thousands and causing extensive damage to infrastructure and crops.
Himalayan glaciers, a vital source of water for millions, are retreating at an alarming rate. Studies indicate that melting glaciers contribute to glacial lake outbursts, increasing the risk of flash floods. Coastal regions, including Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, are facing rising sea levels, threatening communities with coastal erosion and saline water intrusion.
India's agrarian economy is highly dependent on climate conditions. Unpredictable weather patterns, droughts, and excessive rainfall have severely affected crop yields. Farmers are struggling with declining productivity, leading to economic distress and migration from rural areas to urban centers. Staple crops such as wheat, rice, and pulses are at risk, raising concerns about food security for millions.
The Indian government has taken steps to mitigate climate change through policies like the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and the International Solar Alliance. The country has committed to reducing carbon emissions and increasing renewable energy capacity as part of the Paris Agreement. However, challenges remain in implementing large-scale climate resilience strategies.
Experts emphasize the urgent need for sustainable practices, including afforestation, water conservation, and the promotion of clean energy alternatives. Communities must adopt climate-resilient agriculture, and industries must shift toward eco-friendly technologies to curb carbon emissions.
Climate change is no longer a distant threat but a present reality affecting millions across India. While policies and initiatives are in place, collective action from governments, industries, and individuals is crucial. Strengthening climate adaptation measures, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and embracing sustainability are essential to mitigating the crisis and securing a resilient future for India.
